Introduction

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, providing the framework for the governance of the country. It lays down the structure, powers, and functions of various institutions and authorities. Article 79 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Constitution of Parliament, which is the highest legislative body in the country.

What is Parliament?

Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India, consisting of two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). Parliament is responsible for making laws, overseeing the functioning of the government, and representing the interests of the people.

Constitution of Parliament

Article 79 of the Indian Constitution outlines the composition and structure of Parliament. It states that Parliament shall consist of the President of India and two houses - the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha.

The Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha, also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of Parliament. It represents the states and union territories of India. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies.

Article 80 of the Indian Constitution specifies the composition of the Rajya Sabha. It states that the Rajya Sabha shall consist of not more than 250 members. Of these, 238 members are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies, and the remaining 12 members are nominated by the President of India.

The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. One-third of its members retire every two years, and new members are elected or nominated to fill the vacant seats.

The Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of Parliament. It represents the people of India. The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people through a general election.

Article 81 of the Indian Constitution specifies the composition of the Lok Sabha. It states that the Lok Sabha shall consist of not more than 552 members. Of these, 530 members are elected from the states, 20 members are elected from the union territories, and 2 members are nominated by the President to represent the Anglo-Indian community, if it is not adequately represented.

The Lok Sabha is subject to dissolution, and new elections are held every five years or earlier if the President dissolves the house before the completion of its term.

Powers and Functions of Parliament

Parliament is vested with various powers and functions to ensure the smooth functioning of the government and the welfare of the people. Some of the key powers and functions of Parliament include:

1. Legislative Power: Parliament has the power to make laws on subjects mentioned in the Union List, Concurrent List, and matters of national importance.
2. Financial Power: Parliament has the power to approve the budget, levy taxes, and allocate funds for various government schemes and programs.
3. Oversight Power: Parliament exercises oversight over the executive branch of the government, ensuring accountability and transparency.
4. Constituent Power: Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution and make changes to the existing laws.
5. Representation Power: Parliament represents the interests and concerns of the people, acting as a platform for discussions and debates on important national issues.

Conclusion

Article 79 of the Indian Constitution lays down the foundation for the Constitution of Parliament in India. The Parliament, consisting of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha, plays a crucial role in the governance of the country. It is responsible for making laws, overseeing the functioning of the government, and representing the interests of the people. The powers and functions of Parliament ensure the smooth functioning of the democratic system and the welfare of the nation.